Objective To investigate the resistance status of Aedes albopictus to used insecticides in the late stage of dengue fever emergency control of Guangdong province in 2014, and learn how to prevent the development of resistance. Methods From the end of October to the beginning of November 2014, larve of Ae. albopictus were collected in epidemic regions in Haizhu and Baiyun district of Guangzhou city, Chancheng and Nanhai district of Foshan city, Chaoyang district of Shantou city, Chao'an district of Chaozhou and Rongcheng district of Jieyang city, and were reared about 1 to 2 generations in the lab, then were tested along with the susceptible larvae according to the methods of national standard “Test Methods of mosquito resistance to insecticides-bioassay methods”(GB/T 26347-2010) to calculate LC₅₀ and resistance index. Results Aedes albopictus of all tested regions had low resistance to temephos and propoxur, the resistant index was 4.92-8.33 and 2.35-6.23 fold respectively. The resistantce to permethrin, beta cypermethrin, deltamethrin resistance were 3.53-31.29 fold, 8.35-38.69 fold, and 2.63-37.04 fold respectively. Of pyrethroid insecticides, Guangzhou city have reached the high level resistance mostly, Foshan city, Chaozhou city mostly low level of resistance, Jieyang city for low level of resistance, Shantou city mostly above the moderate level of resistance against cypermethrin. Aedes albopictus from some cities also have developed resistance to other insecticides in different levels. Conclusion Resistance of Ae. albopictus in the dengue epidemic cities in Guangdong increased very quick to the used insecticides. The control of Ae. albopictus should adhere to the principle of sustainable and integrated management to prevent or delay the development of resistance.

Objective To study the community structure, dynamic and West Nile virus (WNV) carried of mosquito vectors in Guangdong, and provide scientific evidence for further development of control and prevention strategies. Methods Mosquito density was monitored by Light-trap from May 2013 to April 2014. One-step reverse-transcript PCR was applied. Results The average density of mosquito was 11.80/light. The seasonal peak of density was from May to July. Of all habitats the density in the barn was the highest. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus accounts for 89.90%, the largest proportion of mosquitoes. No positive was found by RT-PCR. Conclusion Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was the predominant species, the monitoring data could provide scientific basis for the control strategies and warning and forecasting of WNV, but the vectors species of West Nile fever in Guangdong province and its spread risk needs to be further studied.

Abstract:Objective In order to provide a basis for scientific and reasonable use of pesticides, we investigated the resistance of Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in urban area of Shaoguan city. Methods WHO standard bioassay method was applied to calculate LC₅₀ and to obtain resistance index by comparing with susceptible strains. Results The median lethal concentration of Ae. albopictus to beta-cypermethrin, decamethrin, dichlorvos, propoxur are 0.0036, 0.0060, 0.2606, 2.1266 mg/L respectively. The resistance index are 3.60, 2.73, 1.53, 1.24 respectively. Conclusion Aedes albopictus in urban area of Shaoguan had low level resistance to beta-cypermethrin and decamethrin. It is important to alternate pesticides and choose appropriate doses in mosquito prevention and control.

Objective To design and build sanitation infrastructure in rural areas and to effectively control vector breeding. Methods The sanitation infrastructure, suitable for vector management of mosquito, rodent, fly, cockroach, and offensive odor in rural areas, was designed and built to control vectors in rural areas and improve the quality of living environment for farmers. Results The field monitoring of 2198 villages and 20 towns in Guangdong province, China, where the sanitation infrastructure was built, showed that the population densities of mosquitoes, commensal rodent, flies, and cockroaches decreased by more than 90%, and over 95% of the residents were satisfied with the sanitary environment. Conclusion In rural areas, the construction of sanitation infrastructure for vector management has the advantages of low investment and quick and good effect and is welcome to residents. It is suitable for widespread use in developing rural areas.

Objective To investigate the resistance levels of Musca domestica to four commonly used insecticides in the special places such as landfill and meat processing plant in Guangdong province, China. Methods M. domestica larvae were collected in the wild breeding habitats, and topical application was used to determine the median lethal doses (LD₅₀) of permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and DDVP for M. domestica. The experimental data were statistically analyzed by extremum method. Results The LD50 of permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and DDVP were 13.7179, 3.5971, 5.5982, and 0.7704 μg/insect, respectively, for M. domestica in the landfill and were 1.0999, 0.7278, 8.3314, and 0.5322 μg/insect, respectively, for M. domestica in the meat processing plant. The resistance ratios were 58-2525, increased 1-103 times compared with those in 1996 and increased 2-1383 times compared with those in 1991. The resistance of M. domestica to permethrin, deltamethrin, and DDVP was higher in the landfill than in the meat processing plant. Conclusion M. domestica develops high resistance to some insecticides in the special places in Guangdong province, and the resistance to pyrethroid increases rapidly. Comprehensive management strategies and proper insecticide use should be adopted to control M. domestica in the special places such as landfill and meat processing plant.

Objective To analyze the association between prevalence of Chikungunya fever and Mosq-ovitrap index (MOI) and to investigate the infection with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in larval and adult Aedes albopictus. Methods Mosquitoes were collected by mosq-ovitrap and the mosquito density was also determined by Breteau index (BI) during Chikungunya fever outbreak. CHIKV was detected in the Ae. albopictus samples collected in the field by real-time fluorescence PCR and cell culture for isolation. Results Comprehensive emergency control measures were taken for anti-mosquito purpose after the confirmation of Chikungunya fever outbreak. After one week of ergency management, the epidemic situation was effectively controlled, as shown by the fact that both MOI and BI were lower than 5. The collected mosquito samples were divided into 27 groups according to collection time and location, and then CHIKV detection was performed. The results showed that all adult mosquito samples were virus negative, and 3 larval mosquito samples soaked in alcohol were questionably positive, counting for 12.5% of all 24 larval mosquito samples. There were only negative results in the virus detection based on cell culture and isolation. A total of 253 cases were reported in the community with Chikungunya fever outbreak, and the emergency control measures lasted for 22 days. Conclusion As for responding to Chikungunya fever outbreak, mosq-ovitrap is safe, effective, and easy-to-operate for indicating emergency mosquito control, especially for evaluating control efficacy and detecting virus in adult mosquitoes. The infection rate and transmission rate of CHIKV in Ae. albopictus during Chikungunya fever outbreak deserve further study in the future.

Objective To determine the characteristics and dynamics of mosquito population during the process of rapid urbanization, and to identify the relationships between the dynamic of main vectors and rapid urbanization. Methods The mosquito density was investigated for the past four years using the human-bait method. Results Five species of mosquito were captured, including Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Anopheles sinensis, Aedes albopictus, and Armigeres subalbatus. Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus was predominant (92.27%), followed by Ar. subalbatus (3.98%). The proportions of Ae. albopictus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were relatively small, accounting for 1.62% each. The smallest was An. sinensis (0.51%). During a four-year study period, significant changes had taken place in the proportions of mosquito populations by comparison among the data in 2006, 2008 and 2009. The population of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus decreased while increased of that of Ae. albopictus. An. sinensis gradually disappeared as the time elapsed. The poplation of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus fluctuated largely in the study periods. In the evening, varieties of mosquito species showed distinct activity patterns. The biting time of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was from 19: 00 to 22: 00 in the evening with a peak after 21: 00. Ae. albopictus could be caught all the night with the main peak before 20: 00. A similar activity pattern was observed from Ar. subalbatus and Ae. albopictus. Conclusion During the process of rapid urbanization, the population of the dengue vector, Ae. albopictus, increased gradually. The population of the Japanese encephalitis vector, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, fluctuated greatly in different years. However, the malaria vector, An. sinensis, eventually was not found. Thus, we propose that the surveillance and control of Ae. albopictus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus should be strengthened during the process of urbanization.

【Abstract】 Objective To test the efficacy of four kinds of electric liquid repellents (A 0.12% dimefluthrin, B 0.17% dimefluthrin, C 0.86% transfluthrin, D 0.86% prallethrin) for the Japanese encephalitis(JE) vectors in the field. Methods The landing count method was used to the investigation of mosquito density before and after treatment by electric liquid repellent. Results The main species caught in the field were Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, which were the JE vector. Only  sample  A  reached ＞80%  population  reduction  of  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Both sample B, C and D caused ＜80% population reduction of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Both sample A, C and D caused ＞80% population reduction. However, only sample B led to 70%-80% population reduction. Conclusion The tests suggest that four samples have a good repellent effect on mosquito, but the efficacy of sample B is less than that of sample A, C and D. There are different for the control efficacy of different electric liquid repellent in the lab and the field.

【Abstract】 Analyze and summarize the vector control after natural disaster because of the occurrence of natural disaster especially flood in the Yangtze River Valley and Guangdong province in recent years. Explain the characteristics of the occurrence of vectors like mosquitoes, flies and rats and the disease transmission during the floods disaster, and bring forward the principle of vector control and emergence control measures in floods. After flood disaster, carry out immediately the publication and education on disaster relief and disease prevention, mobilize the public to do the environmental hygiene, clean up timely trash and excrement to reduce the habitat of insects and rats. The above mentioned were the basic measures to control vectors in floods disaster. However, the key measures to realize no epidemic situation after big disasters were to kill promptly the flies, mosquitoes and rats and decrease quickly the densities of vectors. Evaluate effectively the control efficiency of vector control in floods disaster, and avoid the waste of the drugs and the pollution of the environment.

Objective To study the resistance development of anticoagulant rodenticide in commensal rodents. Methods Tests was carried out without selectivity by rodents based on the method of National Rodenticide Resistance Monitoring Co-worker Group. Results 769 Rattus flavipectus and 303 Rattus norvegicus were caught in five cities of Guangdong were tested. The resistance rate differs from 1.69 to 12.21 the average dosage taken differs from 10.36 mg/kg to 131.96 mg/kg . The result showed that Rattus flavipectus and Rattus norvegicus had become individual resistance to the resistance rodenticide Ⅰ. Conclusion The anticoagulant rodenticide Ⅱ should be used in the areas gathered with Rattus flavipectus. The anticoagulant rodenticide Ⅰ can be still used but should be used scientifically and properly with careful tests of sensitivity.

Objective To study pests invading and harassing passengers in train,to provide evidence for pest control.Methods Using visit inspect method to study the process and invading sign of the pests on the train and drug stimulating and stick trap and “man trap” methods to collect pests to identify.Results The invading pests are a kind of flying insects, Culex pipiens fatigans and Aedes albopictus.The invade sign is a little red flecks on the skin,very tickle.Conclusion A.albopictus is the primary factor of invading passenger.To close the door and window,and spray insecticide in the train,spurt avoiding mosquito oil on the skin are the main methods for mosquito control in the passenger train.

This paper reports the organize measure and technical methods of killing rats in the most modern new railway station in shengzhen. practice testify: to carry out the duty-contract and combine the professional contingent with mass movement are a new effect manage model In the process of controlliny rat harm, five combining measurements are the effective methods.They are periodical inspect and report rat's statas.chronic and acute raticide. chemical poison and physical apparatus, rush killing rats and daily killing rats,stress killing rats and all-round pulling in the raticide.According to above-meationed methods,the rat density dropped from 32.46% to 0.47% by the method of powder-rat mark and less than 3% density is keeped in new station. Results point outat the key of controlliny rat harm is to redure rat density of building site and surround environment and cut off the in and cut way of rats.